Education: IFAโ€™s Quintet of Online Felting Courses โ€“ January 2026

The International Feltmakers Association (IFA) online courses for wet feltmaking are currently open for enrollment. There are five different courses, and each covers a specific area of interest to felters:

The January-February Coursework access begins on theย 2nd of January, 20206 and ends on theย 28th of February, 2026.ย The courses run three times a year with a period of access to the online material. The other two slots are scheduled inย May/June and October/November.

The workshops are delivered step-by-step, on-screen, and as downloadable or printable PDFs through the Ruzuku platform. Students work at their own pace and can use the online group forum to ask the course mentor any questions. Students can also share their work through peer feedback and discussions.

Fibre packs can be ordered if needed.

Feltmakers Ireland guild member Hรฉlรจne Dooley is one of the mentors with the IFA Discovering Feltmaking Courses. She masterfully guided us through the โ€˜Cracked Earthโ€™ and โ€˜Geodeโ€™ techniques during our April 2023 Sunday Session!

For more information and to register, visit the IFAโ€™s website โ€“ https://www.feltmakers.com/discovering-feltmaking-course/

The IFA also has a branch for all of Ireland โ€“ย Region 14. To join, visit here โ€“ย https://www.feltmakers.com/join-the-international-feltmakers-association/

These online courses are open to both IFA members and non-members, and would make a perfect gift for oneself!

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Education: IFA’s Quintet of Online Felting Courses – Now Open

The International Feltmakers Association (IFA) online courses for wet feltmaking are currently open for enrollment. There are five different courses, and each covers a specific area of interest to felters:

The October-November Coursework access begins on the 1st of October and ends on the 30th of November, 2025. The courses run three times a year with a period of access to the online material. The other two slots are scheduled inย January/February and May/June.

The workshops are delivered step-by-step, on screen and as a downloadable or printable PDF through the Ruzuku platform. Students work at their own pace and can use the online group forum to ask the course mentor any questions they may have. Students can also share their work through peer feedback and discussions.

Fibre packs can be ordered if needed.

Feltmakers Ireland guild member Hรฉlรจne Dooley is one of the mentors with the IFA Discovering Feltmaking Courses. She masterfully guided us through the ‘Cracked Earth’ and ‘Geode’ techniques during our April 2023 Sunday Session!

For more information and to register, visit the IFA’s website – https://www.feltmakers.com/discovering-feltmaking-course/

The IFA has a branch for all of Ireland โ€“ Region 14. To join, visit here โ€“ย https://www.feltmakers.com/join-the-international-feltmakers-association/

The online courses are open to IFA members and non-members.

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Recap: September Sunday Session with Jane Fox – Felted Name Badges

By Committee Member Loli Cox

Jane Fox wore her name tag and lots of felted flowers while helping the Guild at Bloom 2025

Feltmakers Ireland’s 2025 Season Opener: Name Tag Wet Felting Workshop

What an incredible start to the 2025 season for Feltmakers Ireland! Our recent wet felting workshop, led by the wonderfully talented Jane Fox, was a resounding success, bringing together over 30 enthusiastic participants for a day of creativity, connection, and craft. On behalf of Feltmakers Ireland, we want to extend our deepest gratitude to Jane for making this event truly unforgettable.

Jane’s worktable with the supplies used to make Name Tags
Such glowing colours of the prefelt from Jane!

The Name Tag Making Workshop was a perfect blend of skill-building and community spirit, with participants ranging from seasoned felters to those just dipping their toes into the craft. Janeโ€™s expertise, patience, and warm, relatable approach created an inviting atmosphere that resonated with everyone. Her ability to guide each participant, regardless of experience level, ensured that everyone left the session not only with newfound skills but also with a sense of accomplishment and joy.

One of the highlights of the day was the creation of personal name tags, each a unique piece of artwork crafted by the participants themselves.

In the workshop, Jane began by explaining and demonstrating how the name tags would be made using two pieces of prefelt. Each student started with a rectangular piece of white prefelt to act as the base. They then chose from colourful pre-felted wool that Jane had kindly prepared beforehand using her drum carder. On top of this, students could add embellishments such as silk, viscose, or even tiny chopped pieces of prefelt to create a confetti-like effect.

Once the decorative layers were arranged, the pieces were wetted down and lightly felted so the fibres began to intermingle and bond.

Cutting Out Letters

After this stage, the colourful prefelt was gently patted dry, ready for the next step. Students then cut out the letters of their names and arranged them either on the white prefelt or on the coloured felt. These layers were felted together and patted dry once more. Jane brought cut-out paper letters for the students to use, while Elizabeth brought silver-coloured, metal ones from a Meccano set.

The Stained Glass Felting Method

Jane shows the back of an image that has the stained glass felting technique, which outlines the various sections.

To make the letters stand out more clearly, students used the โ€œstained glass feltingโ€ technique developed by Niki Collier during COVID-19, which culminated in an international exhibition that was shown at the Pearse Museum in Dublin and Gallery Kabllo, Vienna, in Austria – https://making.ie/stories/felt-stained-glass.

The stained glass method involved needle-felting a narrow black border of Merino roving around each coloured field or letter, which gave the shapes a crisp outline and improved legibility. By the end of the process, each participant had created a unique felted name tag, decorated with colour, texture, and clear lettering.

Jane Shows How to Make Narrow Lines with Wool

Members Using the Stained Glass Technique

These beautiful creations will be used at future Feltmakers Ireland events, serving as both a practical tool and a meaningful memento.

Some of the Almost Done Name Tags

A Couple of Longer Names

Jane had a clever solution to those members who had longer names: On a colourful felted ground, one could ‘write’ one’s name using a needle felting tool and black Merino wool. No cutting out of letters is needed!

A Nifty Needle Felting Kit

A couple of members brought along portable needle felting kits that we admired! A rainbow of wool, tools and even finger guards were included.

Biscuits with History

Each Sunday Session, Lorna creates interesting baked goods that have been eaten in the past. This month, she brought Aberffaw Biscuits. We wonder what she will bake next month?

Biscuits by Lorna – always a tasty and educational feature at our Sunday Sessions. Each session, she makes a different type.

The early feedback from participants has been overwhelmingly positive, with many praising Janeโ€™s ability to make the workshop both educational and fun. Her passion for wet felting shone through, inspiring everyone to explore their creativity and connect with one another in a warm, supportive environment.

Felting Away

We couldnโ€™t have asked for a better way to kick off our Autumn 2025 season!

Our Gratitude

Many thanks to all the volunteers who helped our Sunday Session run so smoothly: Lorna for opening the hall and taking care of all of our caffeine needs, Adrienne for greeting the members, Sam for making sure that the hall was left in excellent condition, and the rest of the committee for ensuring that the day ran so well. Stay tuned for more exciting workshops and events with Feltmakers Ireland, as we continue to celebrate the art of felting and the connections it fosters.

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Sunday Session: THIS Sunday – Name Badge with Jane Fox – Plus, Meetup in Gort, Co Galway

This Sunday:

Our Sunday Session is THIS Sunday, on the 14th of September, from 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM

Where: CIE Sports Hall, Library Square Inchicore, Kilmainham, Dublin, D8

Guild memberย Jane Foxย will lead us in creating our own Name Badges. The photo shows her badge, which she wore to demonstrate at this year’s Bloom. It is both beautiful and sustainable, and combines wet felting with needle felting!

Please bring the following items:

  • Your usual Wet Felting Kit, which includes a hand towel, soap, a small bowl, and a medium-sized piece of bubble plastic.
  • Felting needles and a sponge or felting mat. (We will have some extra felting needles and sponges on hand).
  • Sharp scissors.
  • Small bamboo mat – if you already have one. We have some extras for members to use during the session.
  • Optional: Bits and bobs such as beads, sequins, thread, and a needle – if you would like to sew these in.
  • Optional: Embellishment fibres, if desired.

The Guild and Jane will provide the other materials needed.

Additional Information:

If you can, please bring a home-baked good to share and a travel mug (so we can reduce our use of disposable cups).

And as this is the season of coughs and sneezes, please do not come if you feel that you are ill.


Zoom Access to the Sunday Session:

A Zoom link to members will be emailed at 9 AM on Friday, the 12th of September. Please check your email.


Meetup in Co Galway:

Can’t make it to Dublin AND want to chat with folks in person about everyone’s favourite thing – feltmaking?

Feltmakers Ireland will have a meeting in Gort, Co Galway THIS Sunday, the 14th at 11 AM.

Where: Gort Town Hall, Ballyhugh, Co. Galway, H91 E0C8

Contact committee member Belinda Reid for more information –ย chasingdreamsfeltart@gmail.com


Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about the content, please follow the link to the organisation hosting the event.

Sunday Session: Make a Felt Name Badge with Jane Fox

Sunday Sessions will resume, with our next one on the following Sunday, theย 14th of September,ย fromย 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM.ย 

Guild memberย Jane Foxย will lead us in creating our own Name Badges. Above is a photo of her badge, which she wore to demonstrate at this year’s Bloom. It is both beautiful AND sustainable!


Please bring the following items:

  • Your usual Wet Felting Kit, which includes a hand towel, soap, a small bowl, and a medium-sized piece of bubble plastic.
  • Felting needles and a sponge or felting mat. (We will have some extra felting needles on hand).
  • Sharp scissors.
  • Small bamboo mat – if you already have one. We have some for members to use during the session.
  • Optional: Bits and bobs such as beads, sequins and thread – if you would like to sew these in.
  • Optional: Embellishment fibres, if desired.

The Guild and Jane will provide the other materials needed.

Additional information

Complimentary tea and coffee will be served at our Sunday Session. Home-baked goods to share are always welcome! If you can, please bring a travel mug to replace disposable paper cups.

As this is the season of coughs and sneezes, we prefer you not to share these. Please do not attend if you may be unwell.

On Friday, we will email a Zoom link to all members for those who wish to attend virtually.

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about the content, please follow the link to the organisation hosting the event.

News: Feltmakers Ireland will be at Bord Bia Bloom – DCCI’s Irish Craft Village – Area 26

On Sunday, the 1st of June and Monday, the 2nd of June, volunteers from Feltmakers Ireland will demonstrate wet and needlefelting at the Design and Crafts Council of Ireland‘s Irish Craft Village, at Bord Bia Bloom in Phoenix Park. We will be in the central pavilion within Area 26, near the Conservation Area. Our book, ‘Exploring Irish Wool for Feltmaking’, will also be for sale, along with some of our members’ works. Come by and say, ‘Hello’!

Here is a link that shows the schedule of all the guilds that are demonstrating – https://www.dcci.ie/events/dcci-irish-craft-village-demonstrations

Feltmakers Ireland guild member Caoimhe Tuthill (Boann Irish Felt) will display her felted work at the MeathMade booth, Grand Pavilion stand G117.

This June bank holiday weekend (Thursday, May 29thโ€“ Monday, June 2nd, 2025), Bord Bia Bloom, Irelandโ€™s most unique gardening, food, and sustainable living festival,
returns for its 19th year.

Filled with colour and creativity, the event heralds the start of summer with a dazzling display of glorious gardens, fabulous food, and enthralling entertainment to entice visitors of all ages.

Spanning a 70-acre site in Dublinโ€™s leafy Phoenix Park, Bord Bia Bloom is one of the countryโ€™s largest outdoor experiences, attracting over 100,000 visitors annually. This year, visitors can soak up the sights, sounds, and tastes of summer over five buzzing days packed with live entertainment, talks, interactive workshops, dining, shopping, and so much more.

Bord Bia Bloom offers abundant opportunities to grow, taste, and learn. Tickets are on sale via Ticketmaster, and two children can go free with each adult ticket purchased.

For more information, visit their website – https://www.bordbiabloom.com/

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Of Interest: How to Reduce Reliance on Plastic in Wet Felting – Link to Vanda Sousa

Do you use plastics such as thin kitchen flooring underlayment for resists and bubble wrap for ‘friction’ in wet felting? Are you interested in reducing your reliance on these fossil-fuel-based materials? Feltmaker and tutor Vanda Sousa of ‘Going the Dodo Way’ shared an interesting blog post in 2023, exploring alternatives to plastic in wet felting.

Her post includes several ideas originally shared in โ€œFilzen ohne Plastikโ€ by Corinna Nitschmann from an issue of the German-language felting magazine FiltzFun, n. 73.

To read Vanda’s article about reducing reliance on plastic, visit her website – https://www.vandafsousa.com/blog/how-to-reduce-plastic-in-wet-felting

Vanda’s website has many helpful posts about improving one’s felting! One can join her mailing list to receive updates from her blog.

Her Instagram: @vanda_f_sousa


Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Education: Fine Felt Technical Workshop with Annika Berglund – Saturday, the 26th April

FIne Felt - Wet Felting Workshop - shows black to white gradiations of flat and 3 D felting.

Fine Felting Technical Workshop

We are excited to announce our upcoming technical feltmaking workshop, ‘Fine Felt’, which will be held onย SATURDAY, the 26th of April,ย fromย 10:00 AM to 4 PM.ย 

This ‘Fine Felt’ Technical Workshop is recommended before taking our more advanced ‘Basic and Beyond: Felted Bag with Handle’ workshop on the 8th of  June.

This year, we are offering a Technique Improvement Workshop aimed at beginner and intermediate wet felters. The course aims to examine “Fine Felting,โ€ which is traditionally desired in the craft of felting.ย 

The class is a repeat of last yearโ€™s Fine Felt Technical Workshop, but students are welcome to retake it if they wish.

The Schedule

The class is made up of two parts: A Square 2D sample and a Small 3D Vessel.ย 

In the morning, beginner wet feltmakers will learn how to lay out wool using a flat 10-inch template and how to felt, full, and shrink. We will look at the graduation of colour and shrinkage rates.

A team of helpers will be available to anybody needing support.

During the morning session, more experienced feltmakers can focus on creating a very light, even layout using 10 grams of wool for a 10-inch square. We will look at how to get the densest, finest felt possible while working on creating a perfect square sample with a shrinkage of 30%, 40%, 50% or possibly 60%, depending on our speed of felting.

This may not be how we would do felting on an everyday basis. But, this session spent truly concentrating on careful felting should improve our overall felting work.

We will break for lunch. Please bring something to eat as we will only have 30 minutes. Tea and coffee will be provided. Bring a ‘travel mug’ to cut down on paper cup waste.

In the afternoon, we will apply our learnings from the morning to make the finest little vessel possible. We will use a different layout (spokes and wheel), laying out 10 grams of black and white wool around a 20 cm circular resist. The goal will be to create a very thin, fine vessel, that is well-felted and sturdy.

SUPPLIES

We will supply ALL wool and materials needed for the workshop.

Please bring TWO towels.

We will have spares, but if you have the following items, please bring them with you:

  • A bowl
  • A water sprinkling brauser or similar (optional as we will have spares)
  • Small sharp scissors
  • Ruler with inches AND centimetres

When

We will start at 10:00 on the dot as we have much to cover. Please try to be there a few minutes early to get settled in.

Where

CIE SPORTS HALL is in Inchicore, Dublin 08, where we usually meet.

Cost

Feltmakers Ireland is keen to promote Fine Felting, and for this reason, we are offering this all-day workshop at the low price of 30 euros for members. 

If you have friends who have been wanting to join the Guild or will want to take theย Basic and Beyond Workshopย in June (The Felted Bag with a Handle), thisย Fine Felt Technical Workshopย is the perfect opportunity to learn how to make Fine Felt.

Become a member of Feltmakers Ireland – https://feltmakersireland.com/membership-application/

The Members Only price will be in effect until Monday, the 14th of April. 

There are only 27 spots available. 

Registration

Please register BEFORE the 14th of April to reserve your spot at the lower price.ย After the 14th, the workshop will costย 40 eurosย per person (for non-members and members).

Note: Members have ALREADY received an email announcement with a Payment Link on Friday, the 21st of March, 2025.

If you have not received the email or have ~just~ joined Feltmakers Ireland and want to register, please email feltmakersie@gmail.com.

We will send you a link to pay online via credit or debit card.

This will be an in-person class, and, unfortunately, Zoom attendance will not be available.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us via the above email.

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Recap: Pine Needle Felting Technique with Leiko Uchiyama

Leiko Uchiyama modeling one of her felted Pine Needle Technique shawls.

For Feltmakers Ireland’s Sunday Session in January, we enjoyed learning how to create the Pine Needle Felting Technique with guild member and artist Leiko Uchiyama. Our session was only two hours long, so each student concentrated on making a sample square.

A Full House

It was a popular session, as seen in the photos. Leiko, who teaches all over the world, is based in Carlow, Ireland, and we are incredibly fortunate that she was willing to share her expertise with us.

Beautiful Fibre

Leiko brought a gorgeous array of fibres for us to purchase – so many colours! The 50% Silk/Wool bundles glittered and drew us in.

At the end of the class, students lined up to purchase wool bundles from Leiko. She also sells online; here is a link to her shop – https://www.leikofelt.com/shop/

Leiko’s Art Work

Leiko brought samples and garments created with her iconic Pine Needle Felting Technique. As she makes both wearable and fine art felt using wool, she also brought thicker, sculptural felted works for members to see all the possibilities of wet feltmaking.

Hands-On Learning

An experienced tutor, Leiko, chose to demonstrate to small groups of students so members could more easily see what she was doing. She explained all the steps so clearly.

Members Working Away

While we concentrated and worked hard, we also had fun! It was good to catch up after the holidays!

More Photos

Finished Samples

All of the students completed their Pine Needle Sample within the allotted time. Displayed above is a selection of the samples createdโ€”some vibrant and multi-coloured, others quietly monochromatic. Judging by the smiles, itโ€™s clear we had a fantastic time!

One of the students, Deirdre Crofts, went home and started making a series of table mats – only seven more to go!

Conclusion

This Sunday Session was a fantastic way to kick off our felting year. A heartfelt thank you to Leiko Uchiyama for sharing her inspiring craft with us.

The CIE Sports Hall buzzed with activity as we welcomed 27 hands-on students and more than a dozen observers. Some of our members travelled significant distances to join us, and it was nice to finally meet them in person.

Special thanks also go to the members who generously shared their delicious home bakes with the group. The Pavlova was a standout hit, and the cleverly renamed “Brexit Biscuits” (formerly known as ‘Empire Biscuits’) brought plenty of smiles. Apologies for not having a photo of the refreshment table.

A warm and sincere thank you to everyone who contributed to making the day successful.

Here’s to a creative and fulfilling year ahead!

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.

Recap: Felted Eyeglass Case Workshop with Judit Pocs – Hybrid Class in October

Some students share their still-in-process, wet-felted eyeglass cases created during a hybrid workshop with Judit Pocs. From left to right: Clodagh, Siobhan, Breda, Dee, Adrienne, Elizabeth, and Hรฉlรจne.

Hybrid Workshop with International Tutor

On October 6, 2024, eighteen members of Feltmakers Ireland came together at the CIE Sports Hall in Inchicore, Dublin, for an innovative hybrid workshop. Taught remotely by renowned Hungarian artist and tutor Judit Pรณcs via Zoom, this innovative course blended the advantages of group learning with international expertise. The project, a wet-felted eyeglass case with intricate embellishment options, challenged participants to develop their advanced felting skills.

Students introduce themselves to tutor Judit Pocs – via Zoom

Getting acquainted. Grateful for committee member Suzanne’s expertise with Zoom and projectors! She is wearing a black jumper with a red stripe down the sleeve.

For the workshop, students could use deliciously coloured Merino wool kits from Feltmakers Ireland and Design and Crafts Council (DCCI) member Leiko Uchiyama (https://www.leikofelt.com/shop/) or fibre from their own stashes.

Students working away at the CIE Sport Hall and Social Club

We organised the CIE Sports Hall’s tables in three rows, with a ‘U’- shape of tables surrounding it. We wanted to ensure all the students could see the projector screen AND be able to get up and walk around the room.

Students show their work to Judit via the Zoom connection

With the class structured as a hybridโ€”our teacher, Judit, in Hungary, and the students gathered together in Dublin, Irelandโ€”we had to adapt creatively. If we had been taking the class individually, each of us would have worked in front of our own computers and shared our work directly. With our hybrid session, we interacted differently since we used only one laptop to communicate with our teacher. Consequently, we took turns lining up to share our progress with Judit. Special thanks to committee member (and fellow student) Suzanne Phelan for her excellent expertise in using Zoom and for kindly loaning us her hardware – her laptop, projector, and screen. THANK YOU!!!

Some of the finished eyeglass cases

Each student used creative decision-making to ornament the outside of her case, and each one came out uniquely!

We sincerely apologise if you attended our class in October and we missed the photo of your felted eyeglasses case. Please email your photo to us, and weโ€™ll happily add it to the slideshow above.

Conclusion

Our class with Judit Pocs was a rewarding experience. Students enjoyed the process and significantly advanced their feltmaking skills. Completing intricate eyeglass cases showcased their ability to master advanced techniques such as shaping three-dimensional felt, attaching gradient cords, using prefelt for patterning, and devising sturdy closures.

We canโ€™t wait to see how they bring these newly acquired skills into their future creations, pushing the boundaries of their artistry even further!

Judit has several pre-recorded classes available to purchase from her website, along with live ones. For more information, visit her website – https://pocsjuditstudio.hu/workshop/

Disclaimer for Feltmakers Ireland Blog

Feltmakers Ireland aims to share information about awards, education, events, exhibitions, and opportunities that you will find interesting. Our sharing is neither paid for by nor an endorsement of these individuals or organisations.

Contact Us: If you have any concerns about content, please email us at feltmakersie@gmail.com.

Questions: For questions about content, please follow the link to the organisation involved in hosting the event.